TOI-4504 and Its Three Planets

TOI-4504 is a K1 V star located 1120 light-years away. Its spectral type marks it as a main-sequence dwarf, and it is cooler and less massive and smaller than the Sun, with a reported temperature of 5320 K, a mass of 0.89 solar masses, and a radius of 0.92 solar radii. It is also older than the Sun, with an age of 10 billion years. Three planets orbit this star.

TOI-4504 b is a Neptune-like planet discovered by transit in 2024. Its radius is 2.65 Earth radii, larger than Earth's, and its mass is reported as an upper limit of 140 Earth masses. Its orbital period of 2.43 days is the shortest among the listed planets.

TOI-4504 c is a Jupiter-like planet found by transit in 2024. It has a radius of 11.2 Earth radii, larger than Earth's, and a mass of 821 Earth masses, larger than Earth's and roughly 2.58 times Jupiter's mass. Its mean density is 3.25 g/cm³, 0.589 times Earth's. Its orbital period is 82.8 days, the longest among the listed planets.

TOI-4504 d is a Jupiter-like planet detected through transit timing variations in 2024. Its radius of 11.3 Earth radii is larger than Earth's and the largest among the listed planets, and its mass of 643 Earth masses is larger than Earth's and roughly 2.02 times Jupiter's mass. Its mean density is 2.48 g/cm³, 0.45 times Earth's. Its orbital period is 41.3 days, the second-shortest among the listed planets.