TOI-2525: A Cool Dwarf and Its Two Giant Planets

TOI-2525 is a K8 V star located 1290 light-years away. As a K-type main-sequence dwarf, it is cooler and redder than the Sun. Its reported mass is 0.849 solar masses and its radius is 0.785 solar radii, both smaller than the Sun's corresponding values, while its temperature of 5100 K is cooler than the Sun's. The star's age is 3.99 billion years. Two planets are known to orbit this host.

Both planets were discovered by transit in 2023, the same method that reveals their orbital periods. TOI-2525 b is a Jupiter-like planet with a mass of 26.7 Earth masses, a radius of 8.68 Earth radii, and an orbital period of 23.3 days. TOI-2525 c is also Jupiter-like, with a mass of 209 Earth masses, a radius of 10.1 Earth radii, and an orbital period of 49.3 days. Both planets have radii and masses larger than Earth's. Their estimated mean densities differ: TOI-2525 b has a mean density of 0.225 g/cm³, 0.0409 times Earth's, while TOI-2525 c has a mean density of 1.11 g/cm³, 0.201 times Earth's.

Among the listed planets, TOI-2525 b has the shortest year by reported estimates, at 23.3 days, the smallest radius by reported estimates, at 8.68 Earth radii, and the smallest reported mass, at 26.7 Earth masses. TOI-2525 c has the longest year by reported estimates, at 49.3 days, the largest radius by reported estimates, at 10.1 Earth radii, and the largest reported mass, at 209 Earth masses.