TOI-712: A Cool Dwarf with Three Known Planets

TOI-712 is a K-type main-sequence dwarf lying 191 light-years from Earth. Its spectral type, K4.5 V, places it in the cooler, orange end of the K class, and its reported temperature of 4620 K is cooler than the Sun's. The star's reported mass estimate is 0.732 solar masses and its reported radius estimate is 0.674 solar radii, both smaller than the Sun's. Its reported age is 0.83 billion years. Three planets are known to orbit this host: TOI-712 b, TOI-712 c, and TOI-712 d.

All three planets were discovered by the transit method and announced in 2022. A transit occurs when a planet passes in front of its star from our viewpoint, dimming the star slightly; repeated dips reveal the planet's orbital period, or year. Each of the three planets has a reported radius larger than Earth's.

TOI-712 b is a Super-Earth with a radius of 2.05 Earth radii and an orbital period of 9.53 days. Among the listed planets, it has the shortest year and the smallest radius. TOI-712 c, a Neptune-like planet with a radius of 2.7 Earth radii, orbits once every 51.7 days; it has the second-shortest year among the listed planets and the largest radius. TOI-712 d is a Super-Earth with a radius of 2.47 Earth radii and an orbital period of 84.8 days, giving it the second-smallest radius and the longest year among the listed planets.